^ Eordogh, Fruzsina (1 September 2018).'YouTubers voice concerns over hefty Universal Pictures copyright strikes'. 'Youtube and Nintendo conspire to steal from game superfans'. 'Is YouTube's three-strike rule fair to users?'. 'You Can't Fool YouTube's Copyright Bots'. 'Google hires Happy Tree Friends to explain copyright to YouTube uploaders'. ^ a b c d e Electronic Frontier Foundation (6 February 2009).This is the work of bots having no valid claims to any copyright, trying to carpet bomb DMCA notices for various illegal reasons such as trying to ruin a competitor.

This may relate to the fact 99.95 percent of DMCA takedown notices are actually sent at random URLs that could have existed (valid format) but is not actually used at all at the point in time the takedown notice is sent. Some publishers on YouTube report not understanding why they have received strikes. In a similar incident to such strikes, though in another forum, Sony issued an automated copyright strike against James Rhodes for a video on Facebook of him playing part of a piece by Bach, on the grounds that they owned the copyright on a similar recording, and when the strike was challenged, asserted that they owned the rights to the work, before finally admitting that Bach's compositions are in the public domain. Miracle of Sound's channel was hit with multiple copyright strikes as a result of automated strikes by the distributor of their own music. Strikes for posting own work Д¬opyright strikes have also been issued against creators themselves. They assert that copyright violation, in this context, has been used as a strategy to suppress criticism. YouTube creators have reported receiving copyright strikes on videos that are critical of corporate products. Various YouTube creators have reported receiving copyright strikes for using media in the context of fair use. Reasons for strikes Disagreements about what constitutes fair use ДЇair use is a legal rationale for reusing copyrighted content in a limited way, such as to discuss or criticize other media.

1.4 Strikes for works in the public domain.

1.1 Disagreements about what constitutes fair use.

YouTube and Nintendo were criticised by Cory Doctorow, a writer for the blog Boing Boing, due to them reportedly treating video game reviewers unfairly by threatening them with strikes. The complaint is that the system assumes guilt of YouTube users and takes the side of copyright holders even when no infringement has occurred. Some users have expressed concern that the strike process is unfair to users. YouTube assigns strikes based on reports of copyright violations from bots.

When a YouTube user has three copyright strikes, YouTube terminates that user's YouTube channel, including any associated channels that the user have, removes all of their videos from that user's YouTube channel, and prohibits that user from creating another YouTube channel. When a YouTube user gets hit with a copyright strike, they will be required to watch a warning video about the rules of copyright and take trivia questions about the danger of copyright. YouTube's own practice is to issue a 'YouTube copyright strike' on the user accused of copyright infringement. For YouTube to retain DMCA safe harbor protection, it must respond to copyright infringement claims with a notice and take down process. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is the basis for the design of the YouTube copyright strike system. YouTube copyright strike is a copyright policing practice used by YouTube for the purpose of managing copyright infringement and complying with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.

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